This essay reproduces the full debate in the U. S. House of Representatives on 12 Jul 1909, in which they approved an amendment to the U. S. Constitution (which became the 16th Amendment) authorizing a federal income tax.
This essay reproduces the full debate in the U. S. House of Representatives on 12 Jul 1909, in which they approved an amendment to the U. S. Constitution (which became the 16th Amendment) authorizing a federal income tax.
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In Part 1 is a tutorial on basic economics, covering wealth, money, prices, capital, rent, labor, economic expansions and contractions, inequality, debt, credit, monetary inflation, and national debt. It details the causes and consequences of monetary inflation, and the role of central banks contributing to it.
In The Federalist Companion, author Edward D. Duvall explains in detail why the Articles of Confederation failed after the Revolutionary War. The result was a union of the states under the U.S. Constitution. This book is a great aid to understanding the defense of the Constitution presented by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay in The Federalist Papers.
In Can You Afford That Student Loan, author Edward Duvall explains how to evaluate whether a student loan makes sense economically. It includes a unique nomographic system for seeing the whole picture of debt, income, and repayment.
Part 2 contains a complete financial and economic history of the U. S. from 1775 to 2020, based on official reports from the U. S. Treasury, the Comptroller of the Currency, and Federal Reserve Bulletins, including:
a) Growth and nature of the money supply;
b) The various banking systems (First & Second Banks of the U. S., State-chartered Banks, the National Banking System, and the Federal Reserve);
c) U. S. Government revenues and expenditures;
d) U. S. national debt;
e) Coinage;
f) Banking system condition statements;
g) CPI and median income from 1800 to 2020, along with a "standard of living index"; and
h) A description of significant monetary and financial legislation since the adoption of the Constitution.
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-Chronology from 1761 to 1787
-Extended outline of The Federalist Papers
-Text of Articles of Confederation and Constitution
-Fully indexed and cross-referenced
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Free Nomograph Templates.
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