EDDuvall.com

I am pleased to announce the release of the second edition of The Control and Manipulation of Money.

It is available for free in pdf format at https://www.fremontvalleybooks.com

It is also available in print format at Barnes & Noble and other online bookstores: https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-control-and-manipulation-of-money-edward-d-duvall/1143739227

Thanks for reading,

EDD

Dear readers:

I am pleased to announce the publication of my latest book, “Historical Essays”. It contains a wide variety of relevant commentaries, including: the history of the American Revolution, Defects of the Articles of Confederation, the “three-fifths rule”, the failed Continental and assignat currencies, the U. S. national debt, financial condition of Social Security, gun control, immigration reform, the welfare system, the IRS, Black Lives Matter, ANTIFA, and many more.

The book can be downloaded free in pdf format at https://fremontvalleybooks.com

Dear readers:

I am pleased to announce that a revised version of “Real World Graduation: The Entrance Exam for Adulthood” is now available. Several of the questions and answers have been updated since the initial publication in 2019. Also, the original contained the questions and answers in separate volumes. That format has been retained, but an alternative version, in which both questions and answers are in the same volume, is also available.

All are available for free download in pdf format at https://fremontvalleybooks.com

Thanks for reading,

ed Duvall

A previous essay (12 Feb 2023) contained the full House debate on the Sixteenth Amendment from 12 Jul 1909.  I have included here a few comments on the debate, mostly pointing out the main arguments and rhetorical themes made by both sides.  The page numbers in bold refer to the original numbering in the Congressional Record, as shown in the previous essay. 

There are a few items to keep in mind regarding Constitutional amendments:

a. An amendment can be proposed by Congress, and can specify whether it is to be ratified by the State legislatures, or by conventions called in each State doe the sole purpose of debating the amendment.

b. Constitutional amendments require ratification by three-fourths of the States before it becomes part of the Constitution.  In 1909, there were 46 States, thus 35 were required for ratification. But, New Mexico and Arizona were expected to join the Union (which they did in 1912), and three-fourths amounts to a requirement for 36 States to ratify the amendment.

The enclosed pdf contains a summary of the arguments made in the House on 12 Jul 1909 regarding the Amendment to permit an income tax (16th Amendment).  They are divided into several categories as shown.